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Q. What are the reference levels in digital audio systems?
https://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/q-what-are-reference-levels-digital-audio-systems#:~:text=The%20professional%20standard%20reference%20is%20%2B4dBu%2C%20while%20the,just%20under%2012dB%20of%20difference%20between%20the%20two.
Q. What are the reference levels in digital audio systems?
https://www.soundonsound.com/sound-advice/q-what-are-reference-levels-digital-audio-systems
The professional standard reference is +4dBu, while the semi-pro reference is -10dBV, and, because these two figures use different reference points, there is just under 12dB of difference between the two.
Understanding Digital Audio Levels - Radio World
https://www.radioworld.com/rw-contributors/20482
Digital audio levels are measured differently than analog audio levels. Audio levels in digital are measured in dBFS (decibels relative to full scale). The highest possible level in digital equipment is 0 dBFS. All other measurements expressed in terms of dBFS will always be less than 0 dB (negative numbers). 0 dBFS indicates the digital word (representing the analog waveform) …
Understanding Digital Audio Levels | ALABAMA …
https://al-ba.com/wp2/understanding-digital-audio-levels-2/
Audio levels in digital are measured in dBFS (decibels relative to full scale). 0 dBFS represents the highest possible level in digital equipment. All other measurements expressed in terms of dBFS will always be less than 0 dB (negative numbers). 0 dBFS indicates the digital word (representing the analog waveform) with all digits =”1″, the highest possible sample.
Audio Reference Levels - Eddie Ciletti: From Digital Audio ...
http://www.tangible-technology.com/audiobasics/levels/level.html
-18dB and -16dB. The "location" of the reference level determines headroom — the distance in dB before clipping (0dBFS) needs no translation. From the reference level to the noise floor is another story based on the number of bits, quality of D-to-A …
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