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PulseAudio - Official Kodi Wiki
https://kodi.wiki/view/PulseAudio
PulseAudio can be run in one of two modes these are: Passthrough Mode Used if you want to passthrough (bitstream) AC3, DTS, and EAC3 to an AVR or other device. In order to allow passthrough to work with PulseAudio then it MUST be set to use a 2.0 channel configuration, despite the 2.0 setting this will still allow 5.1 audio from AC3, DTS, and EAC3.
PulseAudio/Examples - ArchWiki
https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/PulseAudio/Examples
Sound cards may have both analog and digital (iec958) outputs. Pulseaudio does not generate combined profiles by default, you can choose either digital or analog profiles. The easiest way to make both outputs available is to add a combined profile to the end of default profile configuration file:
[LINUX] HOW-TO get Digital Audio Pass-Through Output ...
https://forum.kodi.tv/showthread.php?tid=83614
remove gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio to get sound in totem (gnome-)alsamixer is for changing the volume; Start gome-alsamixer or simply alsamixer from the command line (optionally: install it first). Make sure 'IEC958 Output' is set. In XBMC itself "fiddle" a bit with: "Settings --> System --> Audio output".
12.04 - XBMC Passthrough Audio and Pulse - Ask Ubuntu
https://askubuntu.com/questions/145052/xbmc-passthrough-audio-and-pulse
Removing pulseaudio and using ALSA instead helped me (on 12.10, but should work on 12.04 too) sudo apt-get purge pulseaudio gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio sudo apt-get autoremove sudo apt-get install alsa-base alsa-tools alsa-tools-gui alsa-utils alsa-oss linux-`sound-base alsamixergui` sudo apt-get install esound esound-clients esound-common libesd-alsa0 gnome-alsamixer
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